    // Copyright (C) 2007  Davis E. King (davis@dlib.net)
    // License: Boost Software License   See LICENSE.txt for the full license.
    #undef DLIB_SVm_NU_TRAINER_ABSTRACT_
    #ifdef DLIB_SVm_NU_TRAINER_ABSTRACT_

    #include <cmath>
    #include <limits>
    #include <sstream>
    #include "../matrix/matrix_abstract.h"
    #include "../algs.h"
    #include "../serialize.h"
    #include "function_abstract.h"
    #include "kernel_abstract.h"
    #include "../optimization/optimization_solve_qp2_using_smo_abstract.h"

    namespace dlib
    {

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        template <
            typename K
            >
        class svm_nu_trainer
        {
            /*!
                REQUIREMENTS ON K
                    is a kernel function object as defined in dlib/svm/kernel_abstract.h

                WHAT THIS OBJECT REPRESENTS
                    This object implements a trainer for a nu support vector machine for
                    solving binary classification problems.  It is implemented using the SMO
                    algorithm.

                    The implementation of the nu-svm training algorithm used by this object is based
                    on the following excellent papers:
                        - Chang and Lin, Training {nu}-Support Vector Classifiers: Theory and Algorithms
                        - Chih-Chung Chang and Chih-Jen Lin, LIBSVM : a library for support vector
                          machines, 2001. Software available at http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm

            !*/

        public:
            typedef K kernel_type;
            typedef typename kernel_type::scalar_type scalar_type;
            typedef typename kernel_type::sample_type sample_type;
            typedef typename kernel_type::mem_manager_type mem_manager_type;
            typedef decision_function<kernel_type> trained_function_type;

            svm_nu_trainer (
            );
            /*!
                ensures
                    - This object is properly initialized and ready to be used
                      to train a support vector machine.
                    - #get_nu() == 0.1
                    - #get_cache_size() == 200
                    - #get_epsilon() == 0.001
            !*/

            svm_nu_trainer (
                const kernel_type& kernel,
                const scalar_type& nu
            );
            /*!
                requires
                    - 0 < nu <= 1
                ensures
                    - This object is properly initialized and ready to be used
                      to train a support vector machine.
                    - #get_kernel() == kernel
                    - #get_nu() == nu
                    - #get_cache_size() == 200
                    - #get_epsilon() == 0.001
            !*/

            void set_cache_size (
                long cache_size
            );
            /*!
                requires
                    - cache_size > 0
                ensures
                    - #get_cache_size() == cache_size
            !*/

            const long get_cache_size (
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns the number of megabytes of cache this object will use
                      when it performs training via the this->train() function.
                      (bigger values of this may make training go faster but won't affect
                      the result.  However, too big a value will cause you to run out of
                      memory, obviously.)
            !*/

            void set_epsilon (
                scalar_type eps
            );
            /*!
                requires
                    - eps > 0
                ensures
                    - #get_epsilon() == eps
            !*/

            const scalar_type get_epsilon (
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns the error epsilon that determines when training should stop.
                      Generally a good value for this is 0.001.  Smaller values may result
                      in a more accurate solution but take longer to execute.
            !*/

            void set_kernel (
                const kernel_type& k
            );
            /*!
                ensures
                    - #get_kernel() == k
            !*/

            const kernel_type& get_kernel (
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns a copy of the kernel function in use by this object
            !*/

            void set_nu (
                scalar_type nu
            );
            /*!
                requires
                    - 0 < nu <= 1
                ensures
                    - #get_nu() == nu
            !*/

            const scalar_type get_nu (
            ) const;
            /*!
                ensures
                    - returns the nu svm parameter.  This is a value between 0 and
                      1.  It is the parameter that determines the trade off between
                      trying to fit the training data exactly or allowing more errors
                      but hopefully improving the generalization ability of the
                      resulting classifier.  Smaller values encourage exact fitting
                      while larger values of nu may encourage better generalization.
                      For more information you should consult the papers referenced
                      above.
            !*/

            template <
                typename in_sample_vector_type,
                typename in_scalar_vector_type
                >
            const decision_function<kernel_type> train (
                const in_sample_vector_type& x,
                const in_scalar_vector_type& y
            ) const;
            /*!
                requires
                    - is_binary_classification_problem(x,y) == true
                    - x == a matrix or something convertible to a matrix via mat().
                      Also, x should contain sample_type objects.
                    - y == a matrix or something convertible to a matrix via mat().
                      Also, y should contain scalar_type objects.
                ensures
                    - trains a nu support vector classifier given the training samples in x and
                      labels in y.  Training is done when the error is less than get_epsilon().
                    - returns a decision function F with the following properties:
                        - if (new_x is a sample predicted have +1 label) then
                            - F(new_x) >= 0
                        - else
                            - F(new_x) < 0
                throws
                    - invalid_nu_error
                      This exception is thrown if get_nu() >= maximum_nu(y)
                    - std::bad_alloc
            !*/

            void swap (
                svm_nu_trainer& item
            );
            /*!
                ensures
                    - swaps *this and item
            !*/
        };

        template <typename K>
        void swap (
            svm_nu_trainer<K>& a,
            svm_nu_trainer<K>& b
        ) { a.swap(b); }
        /*!
            provides a global swap
        !*/

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    }

    #endif // DLIB_SVm_NU_TRAINER_ABSTRACT_